The most basic form of solar desalination can be carried out by building a solar still. A solar still takes advantage of the same water cycle that the Sun creates on Earth. By creating an enclosed area, over a pit dug into moist soil, or with a box over salt water, you can create a miniature version of the Earth.
As the sun heats the water or soil, water vapor is released and collected on either a plastic sheet or glass top for a box. The water that condenses on the sheet or glass is collected, and is safe to drink. This process using solar energy can remove many impurities from water; however, some toxins can remain.
Solar energy also kills germs! The ultraviolet, or UV, wavelength of light, which is part of the Sun’s energy, is disruptive to bacteria and other parasites. By using intense UV light and heating water, or by a combination of the two, water can be purified from disease-carrying parasites using only the power of solar energy!
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